A Works Cited is a list at the end of your paper and lists all of the resources you cited in your paper.
A Works Cited will be a separate page from your paper and have your resources listed alphabetically by author (or title as needed) then by date (as needed). Consult a style guide for specific sources or ask your professor.
How you create, order, and format a citation depends on the type of resource you used, how you accessed it, and what publication information the source provides.
A citation gives credit to the source where you found the information you use to support your argument or analysis. That way, people can look at these citations to find the sources.
Citations are composed of these parts of a resource: Author, Title, Publication Information, and Date. The elements of a citation can vary from format to format and how the resource was accessed.
In your paper, you will add a brief citation that will lead to a page of the resources you used at the end of your paper where the full citation goes into more detail. That way, your paper is neat.
Nowadays, most library databases have a "cite" function that will generate a full citation in the style you need. You can use that as a starting point and re-format or correct it as you need.
Non-library resources don't have a citation generator, but they have the information for you to create one, you simply need to look through the resource.
All three are digital locators for online resources. Resources on the internet can be available in more than one place or aren't freely available. DOIs are the best way to track down a resource that is online. Permalinks, or stable links, are provided by many databases and take you to a specific location for the resource. A URL is the link in the address bar of your internet browser and clicking on that will try to take you to the exact location of the resource—but you might not be able to access the resource.
When a DOI is available, please use that when the citation needs a digital location. When there isn't one listed, you can use the permalink or stable link. If there isn't an option for a permalink (most general online resources won't have one) use the URL provided in the address bar. There are additional rules and suggestions when using a URL. Consult the guide book or ask your professor for preferences on shortened URLs or access dates.
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Whole Book |
Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Publisher, Year. |
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Whole Book with 2 Authors |
1st Author’s Last Name, First Name and 2nd Author’s First Name Last Name. Title of Work. Publisher, Year. |
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Whole Book with 3 or More Authors |
1st Author’s Last Name, First Name, et al. Title of Work. Publisher, Year. |
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Whole Book with Editor |
Editor’s Last Name, First Name, editor. Title of Work. Publisher, Year. Or Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Edited by Editor’s First Name Last Name, Publisher, Year. |
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E-Book |
Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. E-book ed., Publisher, Year. |
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Audiobook |
Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Narrated by Narrator’s First Name Last Name, audiobook ed., Publisher, Year. |
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Section of a Book |
Section Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Section.” Title of Work, edited by Editor’s First Name Last Name, Publisher, Year, Page Range. |
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Journal |
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, Volume #, Issue #, Date, Page Range. Or Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, Volume #, Issue #, Date, Page Range. Database, DOI. Or Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, Volume #, Issue #, Date, Page Range. Database, Permalink. PDF Download. |
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Magazine |
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine, Date, Page Range. Or Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine, Date, Page Range. URL. |
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Newspaper |
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper, Date, Section, Page. Or Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper [Location], Date, URL. |
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Whole Website |
Title of Site. Publisher, Date, URL. Or Editor’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Site. Publisher, Date, URL. Or Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Site. Date. URL. |
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Web Page |
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Page.” Title of Site. Publisher, Date, URL. |
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Social Media |
User’s Last Name, First Name [@handle]. “Title of Post.” Social Media Platform, Date, URL. Or User’s Last Name, First Name. Description of Post. Social Media Platform, Date. URL. Or Organization’s Name. “First part of post….” Social Media Platform, Date. URL. |
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Movie |
Title of Movie. Directed by Directors First Name Last Name, Studio, Year. Or Title of Movie. Directed by Director’s First Name Last Name, screenplay by Screenwriter’s First Name Last Name, Studio, Year. Streaming Service app. |
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TV Show Episode |
“Title of Episode.” Title of TV Show, Directed by Director’s First Name Last Name, Season #, Episode #, Channel, Date Aired. Or “Title of Episode.” Title of TV Show, Created by Creator’s First Name Last Name, Season #, episode #, Production Company, Date Aired. |
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Song |
Artist’s Name. “Title of Song.” Title of Album. Studio, Year. Or Artist’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Song.” Title of Album. Publisher, Year. Music Streaming Service app. |
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Video Game |
Title of Video Game. Publisher, Date. Or Title of Video Game. Version, Publisher, Date. |
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Artwork |
Artist’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Artwork. Year. Museum, Museum’s Location. Or Artist Last Name, First Name. Title of Artwork. Date. Web Site, URL. Or Description of work and/or medium. Museum, Museum’s Location. |
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Photo |
Photographer’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Photo. Date, Museum, Museum’s Location. Or Photographer’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Photograph, Date, Web Site, URL. |