When you use a quote, idea, or information from a source in your paper, you must cite the source in your References list.
For example:
Coca-Cola was originally invented by an American pharmacist to be used as a stimulating tonic (Standage, 2005, p. 5).
The in-text citation "(Standage, 2005, p. 5)" points readers to the following citation in the References list.
Standage, T. (2005). A History of the World in 6 Glasses. New York: Walker and Company.
One author
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Marcuse (2003, p. 148) made this claim. or This claim has been made (Marcuse, 2003, p. 148).
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Two authors
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Hunt and Wilkins (2007, pp. 45-47) dispute this point. or This point is disputed (Hunt & Wilkins, 2007, pp. 45-47).
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Three to five authors (first instance)
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Baxter, Smith, Taylor, and Hunt...this proposal (2005, pp. 203-05). or ...this proposal (Baxter, Smith, Taylor, & Hunt, 2005, pp 203-05). |
Three to five authors (subsequent instances) |
Baxter et al. (2005) made this proposal. or ... this proposal (Baxter et al., 2005). |
Six or more authors |
Johnson et al. (2010) argued... or .... was argued (Johnson et al., 2010).
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Work with no author
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The book College Bound Seniors (2008)... or ("A New Strategy for Fighting AIDS," 2001).
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Work by a corporate author
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The National Research Council (2005) states... or (National Research Council, 2005).
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Two or more works in the same parentheses |
(Harlow, 1999; Smith, 2001)
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Two or more works by the same author in the same year |
Studies by Jones (2009a) showed that... Jones (2009b) also showed that... |